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''The Last Savage'' is an opera in three acts by composer Gian Carlo Menotti. Menotti wrote his own libretto, originally in the Italian language (''L'ultimo selvaggio''). The opera was translated into French (''Le dernier sauvage'') by Jean-Pierre Marty for the work's world premiere performance at the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 21 October 1963. George Mead translated the work into English for the opera's American premiere at the Metropolitan Opera the following year. Following the premiere, ''The Last Savage'' was harshly ridiculed by French music critics, continuing a succession of critical failures for Menotti which began with ''The Unicorn, the Gorgon, and the Manticore'' (1956). The French daily newspaper ''Le Figaro'' went so far as to describe the work as "A Misery".〔 ==Performance history== Despite the response from the French public, Menotti hoped that the opera would get a warmer reception at its American premiere at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City on 23 January 1964.〔("Opera: A Banal Savage" ), ''Time'', 31 January 1964〕 This presentation boasted a highly elaborate set by Beni Montresor, star billing, and was performed in English using a translation by George Mead. Conductor Thomas Schippers led the Met cast, which included George London as Abdul, Roberta Peters as Kitty, Teresa Stratas as Sardula, Nicolai Gedda as Kodanda, Ezio Flagello as Maharajah, Lili Chookasian as Maharanee, and Morley Meredith as Scattergood. Though the quality of the singing was praised by critics, New York's response to the opera was negative. Four months later, the work was first performed in the original Italian at La Fenice in Venice on 15 May 1964 with conductor Carlo Franci, John Reardon as Abdul, Helen Mané as Kitty, Maliponte as Sardula, Robleto Merolla as Kodanda, Angelo Nosotti as Scattergood, and Paolo Washington as the Marajah. Italy's reception of the La Fenice production was lukewarm and the opera was not performed again for many years. Reactions from critics internationally commented on the opera's poor libretto. At that time avant-garde music was in vogue and critics felt Menotti's conservative style of composition was overly sentimental and trite; although a few of the arias and a septet in the work were generally praised. Several critics commented that the music failed to live up to the quality of earlier Menotti operas like ''The Saint of Bleecker Street'' (1954) and ''The Consul'' (1950). In response to this reaction to his opera, Menotti stated: :"To say of a piece that it is harsh, dry, acid and unrelenting is to praise it. While to call it sweet and graceful is to damn it. For better or for worse, in ''The Last Savage'' I have dared to do away completely with fashionable dissonance, and in a modest way, I have endeavored to rediscover the nobility of gracefulness and the pleasure of sweetness."〔Barry Singer, 〕 A revised version of the opera was given by the Hawaii Opera Theatre in 1973 with John Reardon as Abdul (repeating the role he created in Italian at La Fenice), Joanna Bruno as Kitty, Gary Glaze as Kodanda, and David Clartworthy as Mr. Scattergood. Menotti directed. Critics seemed to like this version better. The ''Honolulu Star-Bulletin'' said it was "packed with solid, wonderful, memorable music" and that John Reardon's performance was "simply flawless." 〔( Extract from a review in the ''Honolulu Star Bulletin'', February 1973 ) on The Santa Fe Opera's website〕 The opera was revived in 1981 at the Spoleto Festival USA in honor of the composer's 70th birthday. The production was led by conductor Christian Badea and starred Suzanne Hong as Kitty.〔Edward Rothstein, ( "Menotti: Is He the ''Last Savage'' in Worlds of Arts and Finance?" ), ''The New York Times'', 28 May 1981〕 It was presented as part of the 2011 festival season by the Santa Fe Opera under conductor George Manahan directed by Ned Canty, with Anna Christy as Kitty, Daniel Okulitch as Abdul, Jennifer Zetlan as Sardula, Sean Panikkar as Kodanda, Thomas Hammons as Maharajah, Jamie Barton as Maharanee, and Kevin Burdette as Scattergood.〔 Critical reception of the production was positive, with several critics calling for a re-examination of the piece.〔Anthony Tommasini, (, "Love Beats Science in a Spoof by Menotti" ), ''The New York Times'', 14 August 2011〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Last Savage」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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